Villa Load Schedule in Excel: Distribution Board, Breakers, Cables and Phase Balance

Every villa needs a load schedule before its board is installed: what the circuits are, how big each is, which phase it sits on and which breaker and cable suit it. When one phase carries more than the others, neutral current rises, wires heat and the main breaker may trip for no obvious reason.

This sheet lists the villa circuits by type, gives each type an editable power factor and demand factor, then computes current, standard breaker and cable for every circuit. It sums the demand current per phase, shows how balanced they are and suggests the main breaker and number of board ways with spare capacity.

Who is it for?

• Electrical engineers and designers of villas and residential buildings
• Electrical contractors and installers
• Home owners reviewing a contractor proposal
• Anyone adding an EV charger or air conditioners who wants to know the effect on the board

What is inside the sheet?

• A 40-circuit table: name, type, quantity, watts and phase
• A load-type table with power factor and demand factor
• An editable breaker-to-cable table for branch circuits
• Current, breaker, cable and demand current for each circuit
• Demand current per phase L1, L2 and L3, imbalance and a rating
• Maximum demand in kW and kVA, the main breaker and the number of board ways
• A phase chart and a guide

How to use it

1. Enter each circuit with name, type, quantity and watts.
2. Spread circuits over L1, L2 and L3, using 3P for three-phase loads.
3. Watch the imbalance and move circuits between phases until it is good.
4. Read the main breaker and the number of board ways.

Formulas used

• Connected kW = quantity × W ÷ 1000
• Demand kW = connected kW × demand factor
• Circuit current = kW × 1000 ÷ (230 × PF), or ÷ (√3 × 400 × PF) for three-phase
• Imbalance = (highest − lowest) ÷ average
• Main breaker = highest phase current × (1 + growth), then the next standard breaker

Worked example from the sheet itself

A villa with 21 circuits: lighting, three sockets groups, eight split AC units, two heaters, kitchen appliances, a washer and dryer, a pump and a 7 kW EV charger.

• Connected load is 43.4 kW and demand 29.2 kW, or 33.6 kW with 15% growth.
• After spreading the circuits, the demand current is 46.6 A on L1, 46.6 A on L2 and 47.1 A on L3, an imbalance of only 1.1%.
• The main breaker is 63 A, apparent power 37.5 kVA and the board needs 26 ways with 20% spare.

How to spread circuits over phases

Start with the biggest loads and place each on the phase with the lightest load so far, then continue with smaller ones. This greedy method is what the example uses and usually gives a good balance.

Put large circuits such as the charger and oven on different phases, and never put all air conditioning on one phase.

Demand factors

The demand factor is the share of connected load that really runs at the same time. Lighting and air conditioning are higher than general sockets. The values in the sheet are editable defaults, so replace them with what your code or experience says.

Breaker and cable for branch circuits

The sheet picks the first standard breaker that carries the circuit current and maps it to a copper cable in conduit from an editable table. Long circuits need a larger size for voltage drop, so use the breaker and cable selection sheet for them.

Chargers and new loads

An EV charger runs for hours at constant load so its demand is high. Add it to the table and see its effect on the main breaker before you buy it.

Tips for best results

• Leave spare ways in the board for expansion.
• Keep air conditioning circuits separate from sockets.
• Label each circuit on the board as in the schedule.
• Review the sheet with a certified engineer.

Frequently asked questions

Does it work for non-villa buildings?

Yes, by editing the load types and demand factors.

How do I add a circuit?

Type it in the first empty row.

Is it always three-phase?

The board is three-phase; for a single-phase villa put every circuit on L1.

Are the cables final?

No, they are suggestions for short branch circuits.

Download the sheet

Press the download button at the top of the page to get the Excel file. It includes a full guide sheet, yellow input cells and formulas protected from accidental edits. The sheet is also available in Arabic from the language switcher.

A preliminary result to be approved by an electrical engineer.